Pinealon
A synthetic tripeptide bioregulator studied for cognitive function, neuroprotection, and stress resistance in aging and neural injury models.
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What is Pinealon?
Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (glutamic acid-aspartic acid-arginine) developed by Vladimir Khavinson and colleagues at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, the same Russian research group that developed Epitalon. The peptide is part of the broader research category of “short peptide bioregulators,” small peptides theorized to influence gene expression in tissue-specific ways related to their tissue of origin or designed targeting. Pinealon was designed with particular focus on neural tissue effects.
Pinealon is notable in research as one of the most studied short peptide bioregulators in cognitive and neuroprotective contexts, distinguishing it from Epitalon’s longevity/telomerase research focus despite the shared research tradition. As with other compounds from this research group, the bulk of published research has been conducted by Khavinson and collaborators, primarily in Russian-language journals though increasingly in English-language publications. Research applications have focused on cognitive function, neuroprotection, stress resistance, and effects in aged populations.
Mechanism of action
Pinealon’s mechanisms of action have been investigated across multiple pathways:
- Gene expression effects: Within the Khavinson research framework, short peptide bioregulators are proposed to influence gene expression through direct interaction with DNA at specific binding sites, with research suggesting tissue-specific patterns of gene activation and inactivation.
- Neuroprotective effects: Studies have documented protective effects in models of oxidative stress, hypoxic injury, and neuronal damage, with effects on cellular antioxidant systems and stress response pathways.
- Cognitive function effects: Russian research has examined effects on cognitive performance, memory, and learning in animal models and limited human studies, particularly in aged populations or models of cognitive decline.
- Stress resistance modulation: Research has documented effects on stress response markers and behavioral measures of stress resilience, with proposed effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function.
- Cellular protection mechanisms: Studies have suggested effects on cellular protective mechanisms including antioxidant enzyme function and DNA repair pathways, paralleling effects of other short peptide bioregulators.
These pathways are characterized primarily in Russian research and limited independent studies.
Research applications
Pinealon has been investigated across several research domains, with the most active areas including:
- Cognitive function research: Russian research has examined effects on cognitive performance, memory, and learning in animal models and limited human studies, particularly in aged populations and models of age-related cognitive decline.
- Neuroprotection research: Studies have examined effects in models of oxidative stress, neuronal damage, and hypoxic injury, with research suggesting protective effects through multiple cellular mechanisms.
- Stress resistance research: Research has documented effects on stress response markers and behavioral measures of stress resilience, with applications examined in stress-related neurological models.
- Aging brain research: Pinealon is studied within the broader framework of short peptide bioregulators as a potential intervention for age-related cognitive decline, with research examining effects on multiple aging-related parameters in the central nervous system.
- Developmental research: Some research has examined effects in prenatal and developmental models, with studies suggesting protective effects against various developmental insults.
This compound is intended for laboratory research use only. It has not been approved for human therapeutic use by any regulatory agency.
Storage & reconstitution
In its lyophilized form, Pinealon tolerates ambient temperatures during shipping but should be stored long-term at -20°C, protected from light. As a small tripeptide, it is relatively stable compared to larger peptides. Properly stored lyophilized peptide remains stable for 24 months or longer.
Once reconstituted with bacteriostatic water for injection, Pinealon solutions should be stored refrigerated at 2-8°C and used within 28 days. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can degrade peptide structure and reduce activity.
Visual inspection should be performed before each use. The reconstituted solution should be clear and colorless. Reject any solution that appears cloudy, discolored, or contains visible particulate matter.
For step-by-step reconstitution calculations, see our reconstitution calculator.
For laboratory research use only. The compound described on this page is intended exclusively for in vitro research and laboratory experimentation by qualified researchers and is not for human or veterinary use. It is not a drug, food, dietary supplement, or cosmetic, and has not been approved by the FDA, Health Canada, EMA, or any other regulatory authority for the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation, or prevention of any disease or medical condition. The information provided on this page is for educational and reference purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. By accessing this content you confirm that you are a qualified researcher purchasing for legitimate laboratory purposes.